Design Dimensions
mm
mm
How much of the design area is actually engraved (not blank space)
Machine Settings
mm/s
Check your laser software for current speed
pass(es)
Multiple passes = deeper engraving but multiplied time
%
Time spent on acceleration, deceleration, and head repositioning. 15–25% is typical for gantry lasers.
Time Estimate

Fill in the fields and click
Estimate to see results

Estimated Time Per Piece
Time breakdown
Engraving
Travel
Engraving distance 0 m
Total scan lines 0
Line spacing (interval) 0 mm
Pure engrave time 0:00
Travel overhead 0:00

Batch Production Planning

Per hour
pieces
8-hour day
pieces
10 pieces
total time
50 pieces
total time

How this estimator works

Laser engravers use raster scanning to engrave images: the laser head sweeps back and forth across horizontal lines, firing the laser where the design requires marking. The total time depends on how many lines need to be scanned, how wide each line is, and how fast the head moves.

The formula

// Line spacing from DPI
Interval = 25.4 / DPI   // mm per line (25.4mm = 1 inch)

// Total scan lines
Lines = Design Height / Interval

// Total engraving distance (accounting for fill density)
Distance = Lines × Design Width × Fill Density

// Pure engraving time
Engrave Time = Distance / Speed

// Add travel overhead (acceleration, deceleration, repositioning)
Total Time = Engrave Time × (1 + Overhead%) × Passes

Understanding fill density

Not every line is engraved from edge to edge. A text engraving might only have 30% of each line actually firing the laser, while a photo engrave might be 70–90% filled. The fill density setting adjusts the time estimate to account for this. When in doubt, use 70% for detailed images and 30–50% for text and logos.

Why travel overhead matters

The laser head doesn't move at constant speed — it must accelerate at the start of each line and decelerate at the end before reversing direction. On a typical gantry-style laser (like xTool S1 or Sculpfun S30), this adds approximately 15–25% to the pure engraving time. Galvo lasers (like xTool F1 Ultra) have much lower overhead because they use mirrors instead of moving the entire head.

The default 20% overhead is a reasonable middle estimate for most gantry diode and CO₂ lasers. If your machine has very fast acceleration (check manufacturer specs) you can lower this to 15%. For very large work areas or slow machines, 25% is more realistic.

Important: This is a mathematical estimate based on scanning geometry. Actual times may vary by 10–30% depending on your specific machine's firmware, acceleration settings, and software optimization. The most accurate method is to use your laser software's built-in time estimate (LightBurn shows estimated time before starting a job).

How DPI affects time

Doubling your DPI roughly doubles your engraving time because the laser must scan twice as many lines. For most work, 254 DPI (0.1mm line spacing) produces excellent results. Going to 508 DPI only makes a visible difference on very fine photo engraving. Use 150 DPI for large signage where fine detail isn't needed.